THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


THE  COLLECTION  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINIANA 

ENDOWED  BY 
JOHN  SPRUNT  HILL 

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UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


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THE 

INTRODUCTORY  ADDRF^SS 

or  THE 

HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  THE 

op 

ITOETH  aAKOLIlTA, 

DELIVERED  IN  TflE  UNIVERSITY  CHAPEL, 

JUNE  5TH,  1S44, 

BY 

Bisliop  of  the  Dioeese  of  North  Carolina. 


RALEIGH:  Printed  by 

T  Lering-^ Indepefident  Office,  Hillsboro'  St.  between  McDowell  (^  Dawson  Streeii, 

1844* 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


To  the  Rt.  Rev.  L.  Sillivian  Ives,  D.  D.,  L.  L.  D.,  Bishop  of  the 
Diocese  of  North  Carolina: 

Dear  Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  of  transmitting  to  you  the  following 
Resolution  of  the  Historical  Society  of  the  University  of  North  Caro- 
lina : 

*^  Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Society  be  tendered  to  the  Rt, 
Rev.  Bishop  Ives,  for  his  able  and  interesting  address  ;  and  that  he  be 
requested  to  furnish  a  copy  of  it  for  publication." 

Permit  me  to  hope,  sir,  that  you  will  find  it  both  convenient  and  a- 
greeable  to  comply  with  this  request ;  that  the  pleasure  and  profit  we 
have  enjoyed  may  be  diffused. 

With  great  respect, 

CHARLES  PHILIPS, 

Secretary  of  the  Society. 
Chapel  Hill,  June  6th,  1844. 


To  Charles  Philips,  Esq.,  Secretary  of  the  Historical  Society,  6fc : 

Dear  Sir  :  Please  communicate  to  the  Historical  Society  of  North 
Carolina,  my  acknowledgment  of  their  too  flattering  resolution,  and 
my  compliance  with  the  request  it  makes  for  a  copy  of  my  address,  for 
publication. 

With  earnest  desires  for  the  success  of  the  important  objects  of  the 
Society,  and  sentiments  of  high  respect  for  its  members, 
I  remain,  dear  sir, 

Most  truly, 
Your  friend  and  eerv't, 

L,  S,  IVEa 
ehapd  Hill,  June  1th,  1844, 


BISHOP  IVES    INTRODUCTORY  ADDRESS  : 

Delivered  before  the  Historical  Society  of  the    University  of 
North  Carolina,  June  5,  1844. 


liENTLEMEN    OF   THE   HiSTOniCAL   SOCIETY 

OF  THE  University  of  North  Carolina  : 
In  attempting  to  lulfil  your  wishes,  to  day,  I  find,  somewhat  to  my 
alarm,  that  your  favor  has  assigned  me  a  place  not  more  of  honor  than 
difficulty.  A  difficulty  growing  out,  in  some  measure,  of  the  vast  and 
infinitely  perplexed  subject,  I  have  consented,  perhaps  rashly,  to  dis- 
cuss. The  limited  lime  usually  and  properly  allotted  to  such  an  ad- 
dress, while  it  may  enable  me  to  exhaust  your  patience  and  my  own 
resources,  is  miserably  insufficient  for  satisfying  in  any  reasonable  de- 
gree, the  claims  of  such  an  audience  and  such  a  subject. 

In  making  this  remark,  however,  it  is  not  in  my  mind,  that,  on  this 
occasion  of  the  opening  of  our  Society,  you  are  to  expect  of  me  more 
than  simply  to  lay  before  you  the  scope  and  importance  of  its  objects, 
and  suggest  some  hints  how  ;they  may  best  be  pursued.  Even  with 
this  limit  in  view,  I  feel  the  perplexing  extent  of  the  task  before  me. — 
And  this  feeling  you  will  at  once  appreciate  when  you  perceive,  that 
my  duty  leads  me  to  a  consideration  of  the  philosophy  rather  than  the 
facts  of  history  ;  and  must  necessarily  embrace  a  wider  range  of  ob- 
servation than  could  possibly  be  opened  by  the  events,  however  varied 
or  significant,  of  a  single  State  or  period.  The  husbandman,  who  would 
realize  a  harvest  at  all  adequate  to  his  labors,  must  not  only  plant  the 
■seed  produced  by  a  former  year,  but  also  cultivate  with  the  skill  gath- 
ered fiotn  former  experience.     So  in  the  investigations  of  history,  our 


4. 

efforts,  to  lead  to  any  tolerable  success,  must  be  so  linked  with  those  of 
the  preceding  generations  of  inca  as  to  ensure  a  perfect  exemplifica- 
tion of  every  point,  individual  or  social,  moral,  intellectual,  or  political, 
which  we  design  to  make  practical,  or  permanently  useful  to  ourselves 
and  others.  Besides,  it  is  not  so  much  the  mere  events  of  past  time 
that  we  need,  as  it  is  the  agency  by  which  they  were  respectively 
brought  to  their  issue.  In  constructing,  after  some  ancient  model,  a 
fitting  temple  to  liberty,  it  would  help  us  little  in  our  work  merely  to 
collect  together  the  ruins  of  the  most  beautiful  structures  that  ever 
adorned  classic  ground.  To  effect  our  purpose,  we  must  study,  and 
compare,  and  adjust  these  remains  of  the  olden  time ;  and  moreover  call 
to  our  aid  in  restoring  what  is  lost,  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  sci- 
ence under  which  they  first  arose  to  beauty  and  perfection. 

It  is  true,  that  in  researches  limited  to  our  own  State  ;  in  simply  tra- 
cing out  the  causes,  which,  under  human  agency  and  human  responsi- 
bility, have  steadily  tended,  since  the  first  white  man  set  his  foot  upon 
our  shores,  to  the  encouraging  result,  that,  on  this  day,  is  so  gratifying 
to  all  our  hearts  ;  there  would  be  much  to  entertain  us,  much  to  im- 
prove. But  to  do  this  effectually  ;  to  travers,  with  proper  success,  the 
narrow  field  here  lying  before  us,  we  must  consent  to  the  laborious 
process  of  coming  to  our  work,  through  the  long  and  intricate  and  mul- 
tiform windings,  opened  in  the  annals  of  other  States  and  by-gone  times; 
of  forming  our  conclusions  and  making  due,  self  application  of  them, 
after  having,  with  the  spirit  of  true  philosophy,  viewed  man,  in  all  the 
depths  of  his  complex  and  wonderful  being ;  in  all  the  varied  shapes 
into  which  by  the  hand  of  providence  he  has  been  cast;  "all  the  dif- 
ferent scenes  in  which  he  has  been  called  to  act  or  suffer ;"  all  the 
countless  struggles,  mental,  moral  and  physical,  in  which  he  has  been 
made  to  bear  a  part ;  all  the  defeats  that  have  covered  him  with  shame, 
all  the  successes  that  have  crowned  him  with  honor;  with  all  the  vast 
agencies,  that  have  united  to  help  him  on  to  victory,  or  conspired  to 
thwart,  and  humble  and  destroy  him.  But  in  reaching  this  far  ofl'goal, 
penetrating  to  this  ultima  thule  of  historical  research;  we  are  not  to 
suppose  the  way  either  dreary  or  barren  of  good.  Scenes  of  the  most 
thrilling  interest  will  open  upon  us  at  every  step ;  and  while,  at  times, 
their  disclosures  may  sadden  our  hearts  and  leave  us  with  a  mortified 
and  chastened  spirit,  they  will  not  fail  in  the  end,  if  wc  are  at  all  faith- 


fill  to  uuischcs,  ill  }icl(litig  tlic  brightest  aiu!  niosl  siibstaiiti;ii  leuards. 
This  will  appear,  as  we  pass  onwards  in  tlic  cxaiiiiiiaLion  of  sonic  ol 
the  steps  and  results  of  our  allotted  course.  The  better,  liowcver,  to 
ensure  its  recompense,  we  must,  at  the  outset,  admit,  as  axioms,  certain 
great  fundamental  principles  ;  such  as  will,  if  we  arc  earnest  and  tho- 
rough in  our  enquiries,  be  inevitably  wrought  out,  by  the  events  of 
history  itself,  before  our  eyes,  and  forced  upon  our  recognition  : — viz, 
(1)  that  one  Supreme  God  is  the  author  and  moral  governor  of  the 
Avorld  ;  (2)  that  while  the  understanding,  the  reason,  and  the  imagina- 
tion of  man,  may  contribute  largely  to  the  proper  results  ot  his  being, 
the  ii;z7Z,  after  all,  is  the  ruling  element  in  his  character  and  destiny, 
whether  he  be  taken  alone,  or  in  connection  with  his  fellow  man  ;  (3) 
that  his  will  then,  and  only  then,  leads  to  the  end  for  which  he  was 
created,  when  it  moves  in  exact  harmony  w^ilh  the  will  of  his  Maker; 
(4)  that  owing  to  an  early  resistance  of  this,  his  own  became,  if  we  may 
so  speak,  divided  into  two  antagonist  elements ;  the  one  tending  strong- 
ly to  the  earthly  and  sensual,  the  other  feebly  to  the  heavenly  and  di- 
vine. In  respect  to  the  first  of  these  principles,  little  illustration  is 
needed.  The  mind,  even  imperfectly  acquainted  with  the  anricnt  clas- 
sics, must  perceive  that  the  foundation  of  this  principle  is  as  broad  as 
the  race  of  man  ;  that  upon  the  polity  and  customs  of  heathen  nations, 
east,  west,  north  and  south,  civilized  or  barbarian,  its  truth  was  inscrib- 
ed in  the  most  luminous  characters  ;  that  it  controlled  the  movements 
of  wandering  tribes,  while  it  overawed  the  counsels  of  Senates  and 
determined  the  issues  of  battles ;  that  it  was  proclaimed  from  Dodona, 
Delphi,  and  Ammon  ;  inscribed  on  the  temple  of  Sais — sung  in  the 
Ek  Dios  arkoviethaoi  Aratus — told  in  the  story  of  Simonidcs — seen  in 
the  To  agatlwn,  and  ihe  Proton  Altion*  of  the  Greeks — and  enforced 
by  the  ethics  and  eloquence  of  Rome.  Nothing,  indeed,  could  be  clear- 
er than  the  proof,  that  while  the  Gentile  nations  "did  not  like  to  retain 
God  in  their  knowledge,  nor  glorify  him  as  God  ;"  they  still  had,  uni- 
versally, from  some  source,  an  impression  of  "  his  eternal  power  and 
God  Head,"  and  w'idcly  incoi'porated  the  truth  into  their  schemes  and 
instruments  of  government.  As  regards  the  second  principle  perhaps, 
there  may  seem,  at  fust,   more  doubt.     Still  to  the   careful   reader  of 

*For  •want  oI'Grcck  Type,  ihcsc  scnicncc^  are  of  neccstiiy  pin  in  ihcir  p^':.•^cnt 
form. 


6. 

history — the  thouglitful  observer  of  men — such  doubt  will  be  but  mo- 
mentary. Whoever  lakes  the  trouble  to  examine  this  principle  in  the 
strong  light  cast  upon  it  from  the  luminous  mind  of  a  late  German  phi- 
losopher,*  can  hardly  fail  to  be  at  once  satisfied  of  its  eminent  truth. 
In  illustration,  I  would  observe,  the  intellectual  system  of  ancient  Chi- 
na,— although  strongly  characterized  by  reason — instinct  with  the 
pure  spirit,  the  exalted  genius  of  a  Confucius, — still  liad  no  power 
within  it  of  self-perpetuation — no  power  either  to  help  its  votaries  to 
substantial  peace,  or  to  uphold  its  own  existence  against  the  silent  in- 
roads of  a  senseless,  neighboring  superstition.  While  the  intellectual 
char^icter  of  India, — formed  by  and  reflecting  the  rays  of  a  glowing 
iviagination — an  imagination  brilliant  and  burning,  as  if  literally  set 
on  fire  by  its  own  torrid  sun,  breaking  out,  on  the  one  hand,  in  a  wild 
and  rampant  mysticism,  and  on  the  other  in  poetic  strains,  not  falling, 
in  their  Epic  richness  and  fullness,  much  below  the  numbers  of  the 
Maeonean  bard, — has  nevertheless  been  able  to  do  nothing  more  for  that 
devoted  people  than  to  guide  them  to  the  most  horrid  depths  of  moral 
degradation  and  misery.  While  again,  the  Egyptian  system,  with  its 
base,  and  indeed  superstructure,  in  the  understanding  ;  an  under- 
vStanding,  "penetrating,  as  by  a  kind  of  magic  power."  into  the  deep 
mysteries  of  nature,  and  embracing  in  its  span  the  utmost  limits  of  sci- 
ence— was  yet  forced  to  yield,  notwithstanding  its  Jewish  prop,  to  the 
destroyer ; — leaving  only  its  pyramids  towering  in  melancholy  gran- 
deur above  the  memorials  of  a  grovelling  and  beastly  superstition  ;  as 
if  to  proclaim  to  the  world,  how  high  the  understanding  may  soar  with- 
out profit  to  man,  if  the  will  be  in  subserviency  to  the  sensual  and  im- 
pulsive nature.  And  here  comes  in  the  system  of  Judea,  whose  char- 
acteristic element  is  manifestly  that  high  moral  faculty,  the  will.  This 
system,  noiseless  in  its  working — gently  bending  its  followers  in  sub- 
mission to  an  invisible  power — hardly  attracting  from  surrounding  na- 
tions sufficient  notice  to  be  despised  ;  has — after  all  the  symptoms  of 
its  inward  and  outward  decrepitude,  all  its  trials  and  sufferings  in  "flood 
and  field"  in  defeat,  desertion  and  captivity — faithfully  preserved  its 
being,  distinct  from  every  opposing  or  insinuating  influence;  and,  at 
length,  expanding  into  the  nobler  faith,  the  larger  charity,  the  better  hopp 
"f  the  gospel,  haij  become,    ^vhcrcvcr   known, 'he  only   sure  and  ack- 

-Ficdori'.'k  Von,  Sclilcs:*'! 


nowledged  basis,  as  well  of  national  as  of  individual  prosperity.  In  re- 
gard to  the  third  principle,  no  diflicuky  can  exist  in  a  mind,  convinceil 
of  the  perfection  and  providence  of  Almighty  God.  And  if  there  could, 
the  events  of  history  have  upon  them  two  mnch  light  from  above,  to 
suffer  it  long  to  remain.  In  this  it  is  clearly  seen,  (1)  that  the  will  ot 
God  is  in  exact  agreement  with  the  happiness  of  man.  That  his  laws 
and  institutions  and  promises  and  threats,  together  tend  to  the  best 
good  of  our  race.  So  that,  if  the  proper  end  of  man's  being  be  the 
pursuit  of  happiness  ;  that  pursuit  to  be  successful,  must  be  conducted 
by  a  will  in  harmony  with  that  of  his  Maker.  It  is  seen  also  (2)  and 
with  equal  clearness,  that  the  resistance  of  God's  will,  in  the  case  ei- 
ther of  individuals  or  nations,  must  lead  to  inevitable  misery ;  and 
hence  if  knowingly  made,  is  an  act  of  deliberate  self  destruction.  The 
whole  history  of  folly  and  crime,  as  well  as  the  experience  of  every 
criminal  might  be  adduced  in  proof  of  the  point.  The  Jewish  nation 
of  old,  and  the  French  nation  now,  too  awfully  attest  its  truth.  While 
the  careers  and  ends,  respectively  of  Herod  and  Pilate,  of  Julian  and 
Napoleon  bear  the  some  witness.  To  dwell  for  a  moment  upon  the 
last ;  what  can  be  clearer  than  the  interference  of  an  invisible  hand  to 
hedge  up  the  way  to  universal  dominion,  of  the  mighty  hero  of  France? 
"  Napoleon  in  November  1799  "  says  a  late,  lamented  writer,*  "  was 
made  first  Consul ;  he  found  France  humbled  by  defeats,  his  Italian 
conquests  lost,  his  allies  invaded,  his  own  frontier  threatened.  He 
took  the  field  in  the  May  following,  and  in  one  month,  the  whole  for- 
tune of  the  war  was  changed,  and  Austria  driven  out  of  Lombardy  by 
the  victory  of  Marengo.  Still  the  flood  of  the  tide  rose  higher  and 
higher,  and  every  successive  wave  of  its  advance  swept  away  a  king- 
dom. Earthly  state  has  never  reached  a  prouder  pinnacle  than  when 
Napoleon,  in  June  1812,  gathered  his  army  at  Dresden — that  mighty 
host,  unequalled  in  all  time — and  received  the  homage  of  subject  Kings.'' 
And  now,  what  was  the  principal  adversary  of  this  tremendous  pow- 
er ?  By  whom  was  it  checked  and  resisted,  and  put  down  ?  By  none, 
and  by  nothing,  but  the  direct  and  manifest  interposition  of  God.  I 
know  of  no  language  so  well  fitted  to  describe  that  victorious  advance 
to  Moscow,  and  the  utter  humiliation  of  the  retreat,  as  the  language  of 

*Dr,  ArnoJd.  '         *.      ■    '    '■ 


i-]ie  Prophet  with  respect  to  the  advance  and  subsequent  destruction  of 
the  Host  of  Seunacherib,  "  Wlien  they  arose  early  in  the  morning, 
beliold  they  were  all  dead  corpses,"  applies  almost  literally  to  the  mem- 
orable night  ef  frost  in  which  20,000  horses  perished,  and  the  strength 
of  the  French  army  was  utterly  broken.  Human  instruments  no  doubt, 
were  employed  in  the  remainder  of  the  work  ;  nor  would  I  deny  to 
Germany  and  to  Prussia  the  glories  of  the  year  1813,  nor  to  England 
the  honor  of  her  victories  in  Spain,  or  of  the  crowning  victory  of  Water- 
loo. But  at  the  distance  of  thirty  years,  those  who  lived  in  the  time 
of  danger  and  remember  its  magnitude  and  now  calmly  review  what 
there  was  in  human  strength  to  avert  it,  must  acknowledge,  I  think, 
beyond  all  controversy,  that  the  deliverance  of  Europe,  if  not  of  this 
country,  was  effected  neither  by  Russia,  nor  by  Germany,  nor  by  En- 
gland, but  by  the  hand  of  God  alone. 

Place  Napoleon  at  the  side  of  the  great  Theodosius.  Napoleon  at 
the  height  of  his  fame  in  1812.  Theodosius  at  his  triumphant  return 
after  the  carnage  at  Thesselonica.  Both  unsurpassed  in  military  en- 
dowments, stand  crowned  with  victories  and  stained  with  cruelty  and 
blood.  What  should  keep  them  from  a  similar  destiny  ?  Why 
should  the  one,  baffled  and  humbled  and  overthrown,  pass  from  the 
view  of  men  as  a  dreaded  enemy  to  their  best  good  ?  While  of  the  other 
it  is  written  even  by  an  infidel  hand,  that  his  character  and  end  "  might 
almost  excuse  the  extravagant  supposition  of  the  Orator  Pacatus — that 
if  the  elder  Brutus  could  be  permitted  to  revisit  the  earth,  the  stern 
republican  would  abjure  at  the  feet  of  Theodosius  his  hatred  of  Kings ; 
and  ingenuously  confess  that  such  a  monarch  was  the  most  faithful 
guardian  of  the  happiness  and  dignity  of  the  Roman  people  ,!"'*  Why 
is  this  ?  Who  that  looks  narrowly  into  the  respective  tempers,  and 
the  actuating  principles  of  these  men  can  for  a  moment  doubt?  Who 
can  doubt  that  beholds  the  Emperor  of  France,  proud  and  insolent  un- 
der his  successes — trampling  equally  upon  the  rights  of  men  and  the 
church  of  God — and  in  his  madness  actually  and  impiously,  as  if  ia 
defiance  of  the  decrees  of  heaven,  erecting,  before  his  march  to  Russia, 
a  monument  to  himself  as  the  conqueror  of  that  country.!  While  on 
the  other  hand,  he  sees  the  good  Emperor  of  Rome,  whose  virtues,  it 

*Gibbon  Decline  and  Pall  &c.  Chap,  xxvii. 

t  The  monument  is  standing  at  Cobbeniz  on  the  Rhine, 


9. 

is  said,  expanded  witlihis  fortune,  receiving  with  meekness  the  rebuke, 
for  his  severity,  of  the  Godly  St.  Ambrose,  and  submitting  with  a  gentle 
contrite  spirit,  to  the  self-humbling  acts  of  penitence,  which,  in  the  name 
of  God  and  for  the  honor  of  his  church,  that  holy  man  dared  to  impose 
upon  the  monarch,  even  amid  the  exhilaration  of  his  victories.  The 
fourth  principle,  viz  : — that  by  an  early  resistance  of  God's  will,  discord 
was  introduced  into  the  will  of  man,  so  that  now,  "there  is  a  law  in  his 
members  warring  against  the  law  of  his  mind,  and  bringing  him  into 
captivity  to  the  law  of  sin  and  death" — is  the  one  most  frequently  and 
injuriously  overlooked  in  treating  of  the  philosophy  of  history,  as  it  is 
in  plans  based  upon  such  philosophy,  for  the  improvement  of  our  race. 
The  notion  of  human  -perfectibility,  however  loudly  repudiated  by 
christian  statesmen,  has  somehow,  notwithstanding,  more  or  less  insin- 
uated itself  into  and  thus  neutralized  all  their  systems  of  philanthropy. 
And  this  w^ould  be  not  a  little  wonderful,  even  had  men  no  eyes  to  dis- 
tinguish the  developments  of  history ;  when  we  reflect,  that  they  have 
the  faculty  of  self-consciousness.  As  the  struggle,  which  every  virtu- 
ous mind  perceives  within,  between  the  spiritual  and  sensual  nature  ; 
and  the  inevitable  triumph  of  the  latter,  except  it  be  resisted  by  more 
than  human  power,  ought  to  be  enough,  one  would  think,  to  put  to 
flight  every  scheme  for  the  moral  renovation  of  men  not  founded  upon 
a  higher  principle  than  is  involved  merely  in  their  own  natural  capa- 
bilities. But  while  this,  both  from  inward  consciousness  and  outward 
development,  is  found  to  be  in  the  broadest  sense  true,  still  it  should 
not  be  forgotten  that  the  faculties  of  man's  soul,  as  contradistinguished 
from  the  more  impulsive  faculties  of  the  body,  are,  when  under  proper 
discipline,  especially  favorable  to  the  subjugation  of  his  will  to  that  of 
God.  Of  this,  we  have  a  striking  illustration  in  the  comparative 
eflects  of  the  ancient  philosophy.  Dr.  Neander,  in  his  church  history, 
particularly  that  part  of  it  wherein  he  points  out  the  elements  favorable 
to  Christianity  in  the  "  Religious  and  philosophical  systems  of  antiqui- 
ty," exhibits  these  effects  in  strong  and  affecting  contrast.  One  fact  is 
remarkable,  that  while  many  Platonists  became  converts  to  the  faith 
of  the  Gospel,  no  record  is  left  of  the  conversion  of  a  single  Epicurean. 
Hence  the  grand  enemy  to  our  individual,  or  social  happiness,  is  seen 
to  be  the  sensual  nature  of  man — impelling  his  will  so  strongly  in  a 
direction  opposite  to  the  dictates  of  God's  will,  as  to  become  an  over- 


10. 

match  for  every  power,  short  of  the  irresistible  power  provided' for 
our  relief  in  the  Gospel;  thus  proclaiming  beforehand,  the  ultimate 
and  inevitable  failure  of  all  schemes  for  the  permanent  v;ell-being  oF 
individuals  or  States,  not  based  upon  Gospel  principles  and  sustained 
by  the  Gospel  spirit. 

Thus  have  I  endeavored  to  give  you  a  distinct  notion  of  the  charac- 
ter, and  a  clear  perception  of  the  truth  of  tlic  four  cardinal  principles, 
upon  which,  in  my  view,  all  our  efforts  must  proceed  in  order  to  ar- 
rive at  any  just  appreciation  of  the  events  and  lessons  of  history. 

1.  You  will  thence  perceive,  as  we  go  on  in  our  work,  hoAv  very  far 
our  investigations  must  extend  beyond  the  details  of  ordinary  histori- 
cal productions.  We  search  for  truth  ;  and  truth  in  its  essential,  cath- 
olic sense.  But  this  is  not  to  be  found  on  the  surface  of  society — in 
those  facts  which  usually  obtrude  themselves  first  upon  one  notice,  and 
engross  most  of  our  attention.  It  must  be  sought  in  the  heart  of  the 
social  system — in  the  deep  breathings — the  moral  pulsations  of  the 
mass  of  men.  It  is  somewhere  said,  and  well  said,  that  "a  history,  in 
which  every  particular  incident  is  true,  may  on  the  whole  be  fake.'' 
And  because,  those  circumstances  which  have  most  influence  on  the 
happiness  of  mankind — the  changes  of  manners  and  morals,  the  tran- 
sition of  communities  from  poverty  to  wealth,  from  knowledge  to  ig- 
norance, from  ferocity  to  humanity — these  for  the  most  part,  are  noise- 
less revolutions.  Their  progress  is  rarely  indicated  by  what  historians 
are  pleased  to  call  important  events.  They  are  not  achieved  by  armies, 
nor  enacted  by  Senates.  They  are  sanctioned  by  no  treaties,  and  re- 
corded in  no  archives.  They  are  carried  on  in  every  school,  in  every 
church,  behind  ten  thousand  counters,  at  ten  thousand  tiresides.  In- 
deed the  upper  current  of  society  presents  no  certain  criterion  by  which 
we  can  judge  of  the  direction  in  which  the  under  current  flows.  We 
read  of  defeats  and  victories.  But  we  know  that  nations  may  be  mis- 
erable amidst  victories,  and  prosperous  amidst  defeats.  We  read  of 
the  fall  of  wise  ministers,  and  of  the  rise  of  profligate  favorites.  But 
we  must  remember  how  small  a  proportion  the  good  or  evil  efl^ected 
by  a  single  statesman  can  bear  to  the  good  or  evil  of  a  great  social  sys- 
tem." Hence  we  see  at  once  how  scanty  are  the  materials — materials 
In  most  cases,  carelessly  raked  together  from  the  mere  surface  of  com- 
aiunities — wdiich  are  furnished  for  philosophical  inquiry  in  the  histo- 


11. 

I'ics  of  citiicr  ancieiil  or  modern  tiiiics.  lliitoriaiif^  for  the  uiosl  pari 
,sccm  to  rest  satisfied,  if  ihcy  can  but  succeed  in  entertaining  their  read- 
ers V  !;h  a  few  of  tlic  more  striking  features  of  an  age  ;  while  the  se- 
cret ties  which  have  linked  it  with  otlicr  ages  and  "with  the  destiny  of 
man,  remain  effectually  concealed.  It  is  certainly  not  to  their  credit 
tliat,  for  an  acquaintance  with  the  moral  form  and  complexion  of  a  pe- 
riod, we  are  mainly  indebted  to  the  writers  of  novels  and  the  drama  ; 
tliat,  as  some  one  has  said,  "  we  have  to  look  for  the  wars  and  votes 
of  the  Puritans  in  Clarendon  and  for  their  phraseology  in  Old  Morali- 
ty— for  one  half  of  King  James  in  Hume,  and  for  the  other  in  the  for- 
tunes of  Nigel."  Were  I  called  upon  however,  to  name  one,  who,  a- 
mong  the  multitude  of  professed  historians,  seems  to  have  had  more 
than  any  other,  a  just  conception  of  the  true  objects  of  history,  I  would 
name  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  ;  a  writer  whose  character  may  in  some 
sort  be  viewed  as  the  property  of  our  State,  and  a  knowledge  of  whose 
works  should  be  considered,  by  every  one  of  its  sons,  as  an  indispensa- 
ble pre-requisite  to  the  study  of  its  history. 

2,  Our  next  discovery,  if  we  are  guided  by  the  principles  here  laid 
down;  will  be,  the  biased  and  often  uncharitable  judgments  of  histori- 
ans. Judgments  formed  at  one  time,  by  superficial,  and,  again,  by  in- 
terested views  of  systems  and  events.  We  shall  find  such  systems  and 
events  not  examined  patiently  and  thoroughly  in  the  light  of  their  own 
age,  and  judged  of  in  a  spirit  of  manly  charity,  with  reference  to  their 
own  peculiar  advantages  or  disadvantages  ;  but  subjected,  in  a  temper 
of  narrow,  self-conceit,  to  the  false  test  of  the  writer's  own  time  and 
sect.  In  this  way,  the  good  have  been  made  to  share  in  the  condem- 
nation of  the  bad ;  systems  to  bear  the  reproach  which  belongs  to  pe- 
riods ;  individuals  to  answer  for  the  blood  shed  through  the  intolerance 
of  an  age.  Hence  the  "schoolmen,"  notwithstanding  their  arduous, 
and  enduring,  and  glorious  achievements,  have  been  cruelly  consigned 
to  the  execration  brought  upon  the  middle  ages  by  the  corrupt  ambi- 
tion of  civil  and  ecclesiastical  rulers.  A  Thomas  Aquinas  made  to  suf- 
fer for  the  sins  of  an  unscrupulous  Boniface.  Hence  too  intolerance 
js  written  "foul"  and  "bloody"  under  the  sceptre  of  Mary,  but 
"just  and  stainless"  under  the  despotic  and  relentless  parliament  of 
Charles, 

And  in  turning  fo  tlic  historical  f^kctclic?  of  our  f)wn  Slafc.  we  find 


12. 

from  tlic  same  cause,  tliat  every  attempt  falls  too  far  short  of  the  whole 
truth,  to  leave  any  other  than  a  false  impression  in  the  reader's  mind- 
The  writers  may  have  been  good  and  learned  men.  But  so  long  as 
they  were  men,  there  is  enough  in  our  civil  and  religious  state,  with- 
out assailing  their  personal  motives  to  account  for  the  partiality  and 
hence  unfairness  of  their  statements.  Imbued,  as  we  all  are,  with  strong- 
political  and  religious  biases,  nothing  short  of  super  human  vigilance, 
in  our  researches,  can  shiold  us  entirely  from  error.  In  regard  to  the 
period  of  the  "Proprietary  government,"  a  writer  may  state  nothing  but 
what,  is,  in  itself,  strictly  true — may  make  no  reflection  upon  the  op- 
pressive acts  of  the  "  Church  and  State,"  not  fully  borne  out  by  chris- 
tian principle  ;  still,  if  he  fails  to  exhibit,  and  with  the  same  strength 
of  coloring,  the  conduct  of  the  oppressed  party,  the  moment  they  had 
the  power  to  become  the  oppressors  ;  if  he  places  before  us  in  strong, 
and  not  untrue  relief,  the  sufferings  of  baptists  and  quakers  inflicted  by 
churchmen,  but  keeps  back  the  cruel  persecutions  from  those  very 
sects  to  which  the  church-missionaries*  were  for  a  scries  of  years 
exposed  ;  he  is  no  longer  to  be  viewed  as  a  historian  of  the  State  but 
ef  a  party.  He  fails  to  tell  the  v/hole  truth — to  furnish  that  information, 
without  which,  no  just  estimate  can  be  formed  of  the  events  of  our  his- 
tory. The  difficulty  here,  you  perceive,  arises  not  from  the  obscurity 
of  historical  facts ;  but  from  the  selfishness  of  human  nature — an  in- 
born tendency  in  man  to  make  that  true,  which  he  wishes  to  be  true  ; 
hence  demanding  in  the  historian  the  very  highest  degree  of  self-dis- 
cipline. This  necessity  too  is  not  a  little  enhanced,  in  our  day,  by  the 
prevailing  habits  of  literary  dishonesty.  We  bitterly  complain  of  the 
"  pious  frauds  "  of  Jesuitism  practised  upon  the  historical  literature  of 
the  16th  and  17th  centuries.  And  they  are  bad  enough  it  is  true.  But 
what  can  surpass  the  fraudulent  practices  of  "  the  Press  "  in  our  own 
time  ?  Who,  now-adays,  expects,  on  opening  one  of  our  periodicals, 
to  get  "  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,"  where 
there  can  be  the  slightest  motive  to  misrepresent  ?  This  evil  is  terri- 
ble in  its  influence  both  upon  the  individuals  who  help  to  foster  it,  and 
upon  the  moral  sense  of  the  community  where  it  prevails.     It  tends, 


*  Whoever  would  have  an  adequate  notion  of  the  sufferings  and  hardships  of 
these  missionaries  must  consult  the  reports  of  the  venerable  Society  for  thf. 

PROrACATION  or  THE  GoSPEL  IN  FOREIGN  PARTS. 


13. 

Ill  sonic  sort,  to  legalize  imposture  ;  and  even  to  betray  good  men,  in- 
sensibly perhaps,  into  the  suppression  or  overstatement  of  truth,  to  sub- 
serve a  favorite  notion,  or  a  nnich-desircd  end.  In  all  questions  of  ii 
polemic  character,  this  is  eminently  true.  And  many  such  must  inev- 
itably arise  in  examining  the  early  liistory  of  our  State.  The  tempta- 
tion of  historians  will  be  to  take  sides;  to  make  up  their  minds  respec- 
tively that  they  are  right — that  the  facts  of  history  must  speak  in  their 
favor — and  then  proceed  to  act  confidently  upon  the  supposition  that 
they  do.  It  will  be  well  for  them,  if,  like  the  Lydian  King  they  be 
not  fatally  betrayed  by  the  voice  of  their  own  oracle.  The  only  efl'ec- 
tual  counterpoise  to  this  party  bias,  will  be  found  in  a  well-digested 
exhibition,  by  the  joint-labors  of  the  members  of  our  Society,  of  all  the 
facts  and  principles  of  action,  so  far  as  they  can  be  ascertained,  which 
enter  into  the  history  of  our  State  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century.  The  advantage  of  such  a  work  by  this  Society  will  be  at 
once  obvious.  The  concentration  of  knowledge  thus  secured,  as  well 
as  a  fair  representation  of  all  parties  concerned,  must  be  enough,  with 
every  mind,  to  give  it  paramount  importance. 

3.  An  investigation  into  our  early  history,  however,  nnist  not  only 
be  conducted  in  a  spirit  of  christian  philosophy,  but  it  must  be  labori- 
ous and  thorough  ;  or  it  may  tend  to  aggravate  the  very  evils,  which 
it  might  otherwise  correct — tend  to  keep  up  among  us  the  existing  pop- 
ular delusions ;  rather  than  sliow  us  our  true  state,  show  us  exactly 
where  we  stand,  in  reference  to  these  great  principles  which  actuated 
our  fathers  in  the  trying,  but  glorious  events  of  the  American  revolu- 
tion. That,  by  som.e  influence,  we  have  been  insensibly  borne  ofl'from 
these  principles,  is  to  the  reflecting  man  but  too  apparent.  In  the  plain 
facts  of  our  history,  we  shall  discern,  I  think,  two  causes  tliat  have 
been  especially  active  in  producing  this  result.  Both  of  which  may  be 
traced  to  the  circumstances  that  attended  the  achievement  of  our  nation- 
al independence.  (1.)  This  was  effected  not  by  peaceful  ncgociation,  but 
by  conflict  and  blood.  Not  in  the  quietlialls  oi  Senates,  but  in  the 
fierce  storms  of  the  battle-field.  The  circumstance  has  left,  I  fear,  its 
indelible  impress  upon  the  nation ;  at  least,  it  is  still  acting  powerfully 
upon  the  ardent  minds  of  our  young  men.  Their^eye  is  manifestly 
fixed,  rather  upon  the  sanguinary  struggle  of  our  fathers,  tlian  the  ble?- 
■'ings  of  peace  which  it  achieved — ui>on  <lic   sfuggcring'  blow   which 


11. 

they  struck,  rather  than  the  lofty  princij>lcs  uhich  nerved  tlie  uphftcil 
arm.  The  proof  may  be  had  in  their  political  harangues — eA  incing 
more  of  the  fiery  temper  of  the  soldier  on  the  eve  of  battle,  than  the 
di<Tnity  of  the  citizen,  proudly  conscious  of  the  true  blessings  of  free- 
dom— it  may  be  seen  in  their  eager  scramble  for  military  titles,  and 
their  obsequious  devotion  to  military  renown,  (2.)  Besides  this,  wc 
struTcrlcd  lor  liberty  against  tyrannical  oppression.  Struggled  against 
the  exactions  of  arbitrary  power,  the  restraints  of  unjust  domination. 
This  circumstance  too  has  not  been  unattended  with  injurious  efFcets. 
It  has  left  in  the  minds  of  our  people,  a  hatred  for  their  oppressors — 
extending  itself  to  the  very  principles  and  privileges  which  they  abus- 
ed. And  more  and  worse  than  this,  it  has  left  among  us  the  notion  that 
true  liberty  consists  in  resisting  all  restraint.  Hence  it  has  tended, to  some 
extent,  to  o-ive  us  licentiousness  instead  of  freedom — to  take  the  fetters 
once  upon  our  limbs  and  place  them  upon  our  souls — to  substitute 
for  the  rule  of  a  King,  the  despotism  of  a  word — "Liberty,"  to  many 
only  another  name,  I  fear,  for,  "the  unchecked  lust  of  the  flesh,  the  lust 
of  the  eye  and  the  pride  of  life  " — has  thus  become  invested,  with  the 
most  cruel  and  frightful  attributes  of  Tyranny.  The  only  corrective 
of  this  desolating  evil,  which  we  can  hope  for  within  ourselves,  is  a 
recurrence  to  first  principles ;  the  principles,  which  guided  and  animated 
the  oreat  and  good  men  who  laid  the  foundation  of  our  liberties  in  acts 
of  deep,  personal  sacnfice.  But  to  discover  these  principles  our  search 
must  be  thorough,  and  without  prejudice.  It  must  extend  entirely  be- 
yond ordinary  historical  detail.  The  arena  of  strife  will  not  furnish 
what  we  seek.  We  may  linger  over  the  pages,  red  Mith  the  carnage 
of  war,  and  glowing  with  the  high  deeds  of  heroic  valor;  may  read,  till 
our  souls  shrink  in  horror  from  British  oppressions  and  cruelties,  or 
exult  in  admiration  of  the  bold  daring  by  which  these  oppressions  were 
triumphantly  resisted ;  but,  if  we  read  no  further  (and  no  further  shall 
we  be  likely  to  read  till  better  histories  are  provided)  we  shall  know 
little  of  the  true  basis  and  bulwarks  of  our  constitutional  liberty.  We 
must  go  deeper  in  our  enquiries  ;  must  uncover  the  secret  springs 
that  moved  our  fathers  to  the  great  struggle  ;  bring  to  light  those  long 
neglected  records,  which  will  unfold  to  the  people,  that  undying  love  of 
virtue — of  integrity  and  justice  and  law — which  gave  such  stout  hearts 
and  unvicldin"   haud?  (o  tlic  veterans  of  the  revolution.     Gave  hoarv 


15. 

licails  to  our  young  men,  and  younsj  Iicarts  to  our  old  ones.  Instead  ot' 
leaching  tlie  people,  the  modern  doctrine,  that  they  have  the  power  to 
invent  new  truth,  to  strike  out  new  paths  to  glory  and  prosperity,  wc 
must  show  them,  in  the  light  of  these  records — what  our  good  fathers 
taught — that  essential  truth  is  eternal — that  the  principles  of  true  liber- 
ty, while  they  may  be  presented  under  different  forms  of  government, 
can  never  change  in  themselves  ;  that  our  revolutionary  resistance, 
v.'as  not  to  the  British  constitution,  but  to  the  oppressive  acts  commit- 
ted in  defiance  of  it,  by  British  usurpation.  Instead  of  courting  pop- 
ular flavor,  by  conniving  at  popular  vices  ;  seeking  the  people's  votes, 
by  giving  countenance  among  them  to  that  notion  of  liberty  which  is 
essentially  and  totally  subversive  of  their  dearest  rights,  as  it  is  of  all 
power  of  self-government — we  must  proclaim  to  them,  in  every  pub- 
lic speech,  every  legal  enactment,  every  judicial  sentence,  from  every 
press,  from  every  seat  of  learning,  in  every  school-book,  at  every  mo- 
ther's knee,  throughout  the  land,  that  noble  sentiment  written  and  sub- 
scribed by  the  noble  sons  of  our  State — "  He  only  is  the  determined 
patriot,  who  willingly  sacrifices  his  pleasures  on  the  altar  of  freedom."* 
It  is  true,  the  lesson  to  the  disciple  may  prove  humiliating  and  unpala- 
table to  the  teacher — the  lesson,  given  under  the  seal  of  our  father's 
blood,  that  as  freemen,  we  are  to  enquire — not  what  is  popular  and  to 
pursue  it  for  self-promotion — but  what  ii  right  and  follow  it  at  every 
hazard  of  self-sacrifice. 

4,  In  conclusion,  the  history  of  our  State,  pliilosophically  consider- 
ed, will  expound  another,  and,  to  the  rising  generation,  most  instruct- 
ive and  animating  lesson.  North  Carolina,  has  received,  with  much 
that  is  disparaging,  the  enviable  praise  of  being  an  honest  State.  I  feel 
that  it  is  deserved  ;  that  her  sons  may  justly  be  proud  of  the  distinc- 
tion. And,  at  these  times,  of  moral  degeneracy  in  the  nation,  a  greater 
could  hardly  be  coveted.  But  that  which  most  deeply  concerns  us  to 
know — especially  our  youth — is,  by  what  means,  this  blessing  has 
been  acquired,  and  hitherto  preserved  ?  The  character  and  habits  of 
a  large  portion  of  the  first  settlers  in  our  country,  would  certainly  have 
augured  a  very  different  result.  How  then  has  this  most  invaluable 
one — honesty  in  the  people — been  secured  ?     A  knowledge  of  our  his- 


See  Proceed  in  gs  of  the  Satefy  Commitiee,  &c..  p.  G. 


IG. 

tory  will  furnish  the  answer.  (1)  The  controlling  minds  of  our  State 
have  been  sound.  Our  eminent  men,  men  of  sterling  integrity — men 
who  have  set  their  faces  sternly  against  "  deceit  and  fraud  ; "  though 
propped  by  family,  or  veiled  by  talent.  Pretenders  could  find  among 
them  no  place,  and  adventurers  no  spoil.  Their  lives  might  have  jus- 
tified the  motto — "No  deceitful  person  shall  dwell  in  my  house;  he 
that  telleth  lies  shall  not  tarry  in  my  sight."  While  at  death,  the  epi- 
taph might  have  been  inscribed,  with  (ew  exceptions,  over  c-ech — "He 
hath  sworn  unto  his  neighbor,  and  disappointed  him  not,  though  it  were 
to  his  own  hindrance."  The  eflxsct  upon  the  mass  of  the  people,  has 
been  such  as  I  have  noticed.  And  we  see  in  it,  the  immense  value  to 
a  State,  of  virtue  and  integrity  in  its  leading  men.  And  hence  how  in- 
dispensable the  duty,  to  guard  well  these  fountains  of  knowledge  and 
morality,  upon  whose  overflowing  streams,  either  life  or  death  is  borne 
to  our  people.  (2)  An  additional  cause  of  honesty  in  North  Carolina  is 
the  character  of  its  soil.  A  soil  almost  every  where  sufiiciently  pro- 
ductive to  yield  an  adequate  return  to  honest  labor  ;  but  generally  too 
poor  to  allow  in  any  one  idleness  and  prodigality.  This  circumstance 
has  not  been  without  signal  advantage  to  us.  Our  citizens,  as  a  body, 
have  been  compelled  to  habits  of  industry.  And  industry  is  prover- 
bially the  parent  of  virtue.  But  if  it  were  not,  the  condition  of  Scot- 
land and  Switzerland  and  Germany  and  New  England  would  show  its 
immense  value.  But  besides  the  direct  influence,  in  this  respect,  of  a 
soil  like  our  own  ;  other  incidental  advantages  have  arisen  from  the 
peculiar  situation  and  resources  of  the  State.  They  are  of  a  charac- 
ter to  hold  out  few  temptations  to  speculation  ;  and  hence  to  dishonest 
gain.  The  consequence  is  favorable  to  our  social  state — property  is 
slowly  acquired,  and  generally  diffused.  Economy  and  contentment 
and  fair-dealing  are  the  crowning  result.  Thence  has  arisen  our  good 
name — the  title  awarded  us — and  which  we  cannot  too  highly  prize — 
of  "honest  North  Carolina."  But  we  may  forfeit  the  distinction.  May 
lose  it,  amid  the  general  scuffle  for  wealth,  or  barter  it  away  for  the  pal- 
try enticements  of  an  artificial  life.  In  truth,  there  are  some  sad  symp- 
toms of  a  turn  in  the  tide  of  our  honorable,  though  humble  advance. — 
We  have  manifestly  become  infected  with  the  national  contagion — the 
money-getting  mania,  now  the  blighting  curse  of  our  whole  country. 
The  young  men  of  our  State, — and  may  I  not  add  the  old  men  too  ? — 


17. 

are  fast  learning  to  tlo,s[>ise  tho  lieallhy,  tlie  Jinpjfy  I)ut  well-earned  coni- 
petencc  of  our  Ibrefalhers  ;  and  to  look  (or  broader  fields  and  larger  re- 
sults and  more  speedy  accmnulation,   to  meet  the   enormous  and  ever 
encrcasing  demands  of  artificial  want.     Or  what  is  not  less  pregnant 
with  evil,  their  thirst  for  consequence   lifting  them   above  the   honest, 
the  unpretending  pursuits  of  agricultural  life,  is  sending  them  in  crowds 
fit  or  unfit,  to   the   professions   of  law  and  medicine;,   already,    to   say 
the  least,  sufficiently  full.     If  tliese  evils   continue   to  increase   for  the 
next  twenty  years,  as  they  have  encreased  for  the  last,  we  may  tremble 
for  the  efiect  upon  the  integrity  of  our  people.     Our  farming  interests 
will  become  subordinate.     Tho  example  of  the  higher  classes  cease  to 
impress  at  all,  or  iavorably,  the  bulk  of  the  people.  Sympathy  between 
the  poor  and  the  rich  be  destroyed — desires  for  wealth,  or,  what  fiows 
from  it,  luxury  and  ostentation,   become  too   inordinate  to  be   gratified 
by  honest  means.     And  then,  as  all  history  shows,  we  may  relinquisli 
our  meed  of  praise,  and  inscribe  "Ichabod"  upon  the  fading  tablets  of 
our  country, — for  "  our  glory  will   depart."     But,  in  this  bewildering 
chase  of  the  things  that  perish,  another  and  a  heavier  and  more  person- 
al loss  is  to  be   sustained.     Man   is  the   only  reality   on  the  theatre  of 
this  transient  life.     And  he  is  only  real,  because  he  is  immortal ;  has  a 
nature  encompassing  the  vast,  the  solemn  interests  of  an  unending  life 
to  come.     That  nature  is  to  be  the  great  loser  in   these  awful  ventures 
for  mere  earthly  consequence.     Its  high   destiny  is  lost   sight  of — its 
momentouc   rights   sacrificed  at  this  debasing   shrine.     If  "  they  that 
will  be  rich  flill  into  temptation  and  a  snare  and  into  many  and  hurtful 
lusts  which    drown  men  in  destruction  and  perdition,"     O  what  must 
be  the  end,  of  the   generation   now  living  in  our  midst,   absorbed  as  it 
seems  in  the  thoughts  and  acquisitions  of  earth  !  It  is  true,  the  civil  re- 
cords of  the  past  can  shed  little  or  no  light   upon  the  destinies  beyond 
the  slumbering   dead.     The  most  they   can  do,    is  to  reveal  here  and 
there  a  hint  to  direct  the  path-way  of  the  present.     But  there  are  other 
records  whose  sacred  pages  throw   a  purer,  a  diviner,   and  more  cer- 
tain radiance  upon  the  issues  of  the  unseen  world   before  us.     Let  us 
open  these  sacred  records   and  mark  and  walk  by  them  ;  for  O,  there 
are  other  records  still,   and  they  will  unfold  to  an  assembled   universe, 
"the  deeds  done  in  the  body  ;"  the  grounds  upon  whicli  will  proceed 
tho  awards  of  an  eternal  Judgment. 


Gentlemen  of  tlie  Society :  you  see  the  wide  extent ;  the  serious 
character  of  our  labors.  That  while  they  have  to  do  Willi  the  indus- 
trious collection  and  arrangement  of  facts — it  is  of  facts  pertaining  to 
all  the  attributes  and  interests  and  relations  of  man  as  he  has  existed  in 
our  state  and  is  to  exist  forever  in  another  world.  May  the  blessing  ot 
Almighty  God  rest  upon  these  labors  ;  that  the  fruit  of  them  may  be 
realized  in  the  true  advancement  of  our  social  system,  and  our  better 
preparation,  through  the  cross  and  spirit  of  Christ,  for  a  perfect  state 
above. 


We  the  undersigned  members  of  the  Executive  Committee  have  examined 
the  above  account  of  the  Treasurer,  exhibiting  the  receipts  and  payments 
of  the  Institution  for  the  year  ending  June  4th,  1849,  and  leaving  a  balance 
to  the  credit  of  the  Institution  of  $2298  06,  and  an  amount  due  the  Trea- 
surer of  $49  74,   and  find  tlie  same  correct. 


JOHN  SARTAIX,  )  Members  of  iJie 

E.  H.  BUTLER,       ^     Executive  CommUtee. 


PldUdclplda,  June  Ath,  1849. 


